If the gold standard was in use today, would it hinder economic growth Essay

The highest quality level alludes to a fiscal framework where the unit of record of cash will be fixed with the heaviness of gold. There are numerous individuals who contend that the highest quality level ought to be actualized to cut down the swelling. By fixing the flexibly of cash with gold, the administration won't have the option to give cash without having gold for possible later use. In any case, then again, there are specialists who contend that by fixing the flexibly of cash with gold, financial development will be obstructed as the measure of gold accessible on Earth is constrained (Mises, 2009). This paper will show that the highest quality level will thwart monetary development. I’ll right off the bat contend that there is a constrained measure of gold in this world. Furthermore, financial development is viewed as restricted. Ultimately, the measure of trade will inevitably arrive at a level equivalent to the gold property by the national bank of the nation. Financial development will be upset if the best quality level is applied as there is a limited measure of gold on the planet. Financial development requires that there ought to be adequate liquidity in the framework. By holding fast to the highest quality level, monetary development will be impeded as to flexibly more cash, the legislature will initially need to purchase gold. (Skousen, 1997) Secondly, financial development supposedly is boundless. This doesn’t supplement with the highest quality level, as the measure of gold is constrained on the planet. In the event that monetary development is to be boundless, at that point there must be sufficient cash gracefully to fund it. The best quality level makes to hard for governments to give cash, which in actuality limits monetary development. (Cagan, 1982) In conclusion, if the estimation of the dollar is constrained by the measure of gold, at that point measure of business would arrive at a level equivalent to the gold possessions. All together for more cash to be given, the administration would need to buy progressively gold to back the expansion in dollars gave. All the three focuses composed above are affected by the single factor that the gracefully is constrained, while the interest for gold is by all accounts boundless. (Cagan, 1982) Another issue with the best quality level is the means by which to figure out what weight of gold will equivalent to one unit of record. Moreover, the highest quality level can be self-destructive for creating economies. Creating economies should purchase gold to fund their financial development, which may as of now be to costly to purchase for them. Right now, these economies can back it through a spending shortfall. Besides, in what capacity will the highest quality level have the option to deal with the speed and intricacy of today’s money related exchanges? In conclusion, in the event that the world movements to a highest quality level, at that point all the legislatures should consume tremendous measure of fiat cash to make sure that the cash flexibly equivalents to the measure of gold in the economy. Eichengreen and Marc) all in all, I accept that in spite of the fact that by holding fast to the highest quality level the degree of expansion will descend. Be that as it may, the monetary development of a nation will be obstruct. The significant explanation behind this is the constrained flexibly of gold. Mo reover, if the best quality level is executed the costs of gold will shoot up, making it increasingly hard for creating economies to grow up. In conclusion, the legislature should consume gigantic measures of fiat cash to ensure that the there is no additional cash in the economy.

Nuclear Energy Essays (1847 words) - Radioactivity,

Atomic Energy Atomic Energy Radioactive squanders, must for the security of humankind be put away or arranged in such a way, that disengagement from the biosphere is guaranteed until they have rotted to harmless levels. On the off chance that this isn't done, the world could confront serious physical issues to living species living on this planet. A few iotas can break down suddenly. As they do, they discharge ionizing radiation. Iotas having this property are called radioactive. By a wide margin the best number of employments for radioactivity in Canada relate not to the splitting, however to the rot of radioactive materials - radioisotopes. These are flimsy particles that transmit vitality for a while that changes with the isotope. During this dynamic period, while the iotas are 'rotting' to a steady express their energies can be utilized by the sort of vitality they radiate. Since the mid 1900's radioactive squanders have been put away in various habits, however since quite a long while better approaches for arranging and putting away these squanders have been grown so they may not, at this point be destructive. An exceptionally beneficial method of putting away radioactive squanders is by a procedure called 'vitrification'. Vitrification is a semi-persistent procedure that empowers the accompanying activities to be done with a similar hardware: vanishing of the waste arrangement blended in with the borosilicate: any of a few salts got from both boric corrosive and silicic corrosive and found in specific minerals, for example, tourmaline. added substances necesary for the creation of borosilicate glass, calcination and elaboration of the glass. These activities are done in a metallic pot that is warmed in an acceptance heater. The vitrification of one heap of squanders includes the accompanying stages. The initial step is 'Taking care of'. In this progression the vitrification gets a consistent progression of blend of squanders and of added substances until it is 80% brimming with calc ine. The taking care of rate and warming force are balanced with the goal that a watery period of a few liters is for all time kept up at the outside of the pot. The subsequent advance is the 'Calcination and glass dissipation'. In this progression when the pot is basically brimming with calcine, the temperature is continuously expanded up to 1100 to 1500 C and afterward is kept up for a few hours so to permit the glass to expound. The third step is 'Glass throwing'. The glass is thrown in an uncommon holder. The warming of the yield of the vitrification pot causes the glass attachment to dissolve, therefore permitting the glass to stream into compartments which are then moved into the capacity. Albeit some portion of the waste is changed into a strong item there is still treatment of vaporous and fluid squanders. The gases that escape from the pot during taking care of and calcination are gathered and sent to ruthenium channels, condensers and cleaning sections. The ruthenium chann els comprise of a bed of condensacate: result of buildup. glass pellets covered with ferrous oxide and kept up at a temperature of 500 C. In the treatment of fluid squanders, the condensates gathered contain about 15% ruthenium. This is then amassed in an evaporator where nitric corrosive is annihilated by formaldehyde in order to keep up low sharpness. The focus is then killed and enters the vitrification pot. When the vitrification procedure is done, the holders are put away in a capacity pit. This pit has been structured with the goal that the quantity of holders that might be put away is comparable to nine years of creation. Incredible ventilators give air flow to chill off glass. The glass created has the upside of being put away as strong as opposed to fluid. The benefits of the solids are that they have practically complete insolubility, substance dormancies, nonattendance of unpredictable items and great radiation opposition. The ruthenium that getaways is consumed by a chan nel. The measure of ruthenium prone to be discharged into the earth is negligible. Another strategy that is being utilized today to dispose of radioactive waste is simply the 'position and preparing radioactive squanders in profound underground holes'. This is the discarding poisonous squanders by joining them into liquid silicate rock, with low penetrability. By this technique, fluid squanders are infused into a profound underground pit with mineral treatment and permitted to self-bubble. The subsequent steam is handled at ground level and

Writers Bloc

Writer’s Bloc January 18, 10pm MIT Intramural C League Hockey MIT Canadian Club 5 MIT Alumni Club of Boston 0 (hey, theyre Canadian, what could we do?) Today, the MyMIT Portal team had our weekly meeting, and one of the topics dealt with writing. It got me thinking about some of my old college friends who are writers, and two quick web searches turned up great news for both of them. My Baker House dormmate Dylan Birtolos first novel is now available on Amazon all of you fantasy fans (and I know youre out there) can buy it here. Dylan is currently hard at work on his second novel. Another friend of mine from my undergrad days, Geeta Dayal, is also a writer, but for periodicals. She most frequently writes for The Village Voice, and last week, her piece was the cover story. Wow! I also have a friend who wrote a one-act play that was performed Off Broadway, another who writes for Forbes.com, and some other acquaintances from MIT who are also writers of various sorts. Before I came to MIT, one of my concerns was that if I graduated from here, Id be shutting off a whole line of non-technical careers. The fact is, though, that MIT people go off and do lots of interesting things. Its pretty cool.

GMO Research Analysis - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 835 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/02/14 Category Health Essay Level High school Tags: GMO Essay Did you like this example? In the 1990s there was a significant threat in Hawaii known as the Papaya Ringspot virus which has been shown to cause tissue necrosis. Fortunately, researchers were able to save the fruit by developing a virus-resistant version, or genetically modified food, that looks and tastes the same as the original. However, that is just one of many cases where GMOs have come into play. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "GMO Research Analysis" essay for you Create order Humans have been altering the genetics of organisms for over thirty thousand years. Early versions of this began with our ancestors in a process called â€Å"selective breeding.† The creation of the first genetically engineered organism was in 1973. Herb Boyer and Stanley Cohen managed to alter the bacterium known as E. coli. Their work laid the foundation for future research and engineering. Immediately controversy rose amongst media, government officials, and scientists. Though the debate of GMO safety environmental or health concerns is on going the scientific community has deemed genetically engineered foods safe. By looking at the purposes and possibilities, environmental and safety concerns, and the regulations and labeling of genetically modified foods, we can see that they benefit our society and are essential to our future. Let’s start with the purposes and possibilities of GMOs. GM crops are engineered for a tolerance to pesticides and herbicides and for resistance to other threats such as fungus, insects, weeds, and disease. They are developed for faster growth rates and the ability to handle environmental disaster. GM foods are also designed to prevent bruising and eliminate browning as in the foods such as potatoes and apples. Scientists argue that biotechnology can produce fast-growing, disease and infestation immune crops that will successfully grow in difficult environments while providing much needed nutritional value able to correct widespread public health issues such as global hunger and malnutrition from lack of vitamins and minerals. An example of this is Golden Rice. It has been enriched with beta-carotene for the purpose of eliminating illness and death caused by a lack of Vitamin A in Asia, where rice is overwhelmingly the main ingredient in the average daily diet. While critics d o argue that changing the genetics of an organism and introducing it into the ecosystem will compromise it permanently, and while yes, it will change the biodiversity, it’s not without good cause. Next are the environmental and safety concerns of GMOs. GM seeds that are tolerant to pesticides and herbicides have significantly reduced use of such sprays, offering a more practical answer to farmers against devastating crop damage while having a positive impact on the environment. Scientists and regulatory bodies generally agree that human consumption of GM foods is as safe as consuming non-GM foods. A 2018 study published by Scientific Reports analyzed over six thousand peer-reviewed studies on GM corn and determined that the product provided additional health benefits due to a reduction of contaminants. A 2016 open letter signed by more than one hundred Nobel Laureates encouraged governments worldwide to embrace GM foods, notably Golden Rice, declaring them an important solution for reducing world hunger while helping conserve agricultural systems. Since widespread consumption of GM foods has occurred for less than twenty years, there is concern that unintended health hazards h ave yet to be determined and rigorously researched. Finally we will talk about the regulation and labeling of GMOs. Advances in genetic engineering led the US federal government to develop the 1986 Coordinated Framework for Regulation of Biotechnology, a system for evaluating the effect of biotech research and products on public health and the environment. Different GM food products are regulated through different agencies. The FDA is responsible for reviewing the legality, nutrition, and safety of GM foods derived from plants, which are required to meet the same safety standards as non-GM foods to be approved for the consumer market in the United States, as well as food additives, drugs, biologics and GM animals, which are considered animal drugs, which must withstand the scrutiny of the FDAs Center for Veterinary Medicine. The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) regulates GM plants, seeds, and products derived from plants, their transport and importation with the goal of protecting agriculture. The Environmental Protection Agency (E PA) regulates GM crops engineered for insect and disease resistance. In May 2018 the USDA proposed a system of rules in which manufacturers may choose one of three different options for labeling GM products: a standardized symbol containing the letters BE, a written disclosure that a product contains BE ingredients, or a digital Quick Response (QR) code. ? Works Cited ModernAg. â€Å"The Science Inside a GMO Seed.† ModernAg, ModernAg, 25 Oct. 2018, modernag.org/innovation/the-science-inside-gmo-seeds/?gclid=CjwKCAiA5qTfBRAoEiwAwQy-6S_Luw0O5YlEv8E7QIRO0lmYVU_Eu_qOjxoiO0BXbV10JhxzXoohjBoCjYkQAvD_BwEgclsrc=aw.ds. Rangel, Gabriel. â€Å"From Corgis to Corn: A Brief Look at the Long History of GMO Technology.† Science in the News, 23 Oct. 2016, sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2015/from-corgis-to-corn-a-brief-look-at-the-long-history-of-gmo-technology/. Genetically Modified Food. Opposing Viewpoints Online Collection, Gale, 2018. Opposing Viewpoints in Context, https://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/PC3010999249/OVIC?u=tel_a_pstccsid=OVICxid=fc0e4dda. Accessed 13 Nov. 2018.

Walt Disney Biography - 2085 Words

[pic] By : Riezditya Andara Rachmad 1040000245 Binus Business School – Applied Finance Walter Elias Disney – Founder of Walt Disney Co. By : Riezditya Andara Rachmad (1040000245) I. Introduction Walter Elias Disney was born on the 5th of December, 1901 in Chicago, Illinois. His father Elias Disney was of Irish/Canadian descent and his mother Flora Call Disney was of German/American descent. Walt Disney had three brothers and one sister. The Disney family were raised on a farm in Missouri, USA where the young Walter developed an interest in drawing and trains. The Disney family moved back to Chicago where Walt attended the McKinley High School and took night classes at the Chicago Art Institute. At sixteen years of age Walt†¦show more content†¦But Disney has a spirit and believes that he could make his dream come true. And there were some character he had that brought Disney become big today and it described as below. †¢ Personality of Leadership Walt Disney was a leader who exemplified many leadership capacities throughout his 43-year Hollywood career. He demonstrated a strong moral purpose and worked hard to make a difference in the lives of everyone who had interactions with Walt Disney Productions. His moral convictions were instilled in him by his parents at a young age. Walt was always striving to make people happy. His first priority was always to his family. Although he struggled to balance work and family at times, he was always there for his wife and daughters. Walt also had a strong commitment to his employees. He knew each person by name and insisted that everyone call him Walt. Throughout his life, and since his death, Walt Disney did more to touch the hearts and minds of millions of Americans than any other person in the past century. †¢ Knowledge of the Business After the failure of the Iwwerks-Disney Commercial Artists venture, Walt did not give up and went to Hollywood. Walt realized that creativity and enthusiasm were not enough in the business world and then he went into partnership with his brother Roy and started what would eventually become the Walt Disney Company. His friend and previous business partner Ub Iwerks also came to Los Angeles and playedShow MoreRelatedEntrepreneur Biography - Walt Disney3092 Words   |  13 PagesKenneth Uy 500438690 Entrepreneur’s Biography – Walt Disney Childhood Walter Elias Disney, commonly referred to as Walt Disney, was born on December 5th, 1901 in Chicago, Illinois (Walt Disney Family Museum, 2012). His father Elias Disney was an Irish-Canadian and his mother, Flora Disney, was of German and English descent. His family settled in a village known as Norton Disney in the country of Lincolnshire at the time of birth (Disney, 2000). At the age of four, Disney and his family moved to a farmRead MoreWalt Disney Biography Essay1172 Words   |  5 Pagesimagine a world without Walt Disney. A world without his magic, whimsy, and optimism..†(Brad A.) Well all know Walt Disney as the creator of Mickey Mouse and the man who made the first Disney movies and cartoons famous. Walt Disney did so much more than just make Mickey Mouse. He touched hearts and made a positive impact on so many people’s lives. He also made Disney famous around the world. Today there is Disney themed parks in Hong Kong, Paris, and Tokyo. Along with the famous Di sney Land in CaliforniaRead MoreA Brief Biography of Walt Disney890 Words   |  4 PagesWalt Disney was born in Chicago on December 5, 1901. Because of the violence in Chicago and because it was hard to make money, in 1906 his father Elias Disney purchased forty-eight acres of farmland in Marceline, Missouri. It was northeast of Kansas city. Every single family member was expected to do chores on the farm. Walt was amazed by the ducks, pigs, and hens his dad raised and thought of them as personal friends. The memories of these animals greatly influenced how they were portrayed withRead MoreA Brief Biography of Walt Disney921 Words   |  4 PagesDonald Duck, or Pluto? The man behind all of these characters is Walt Disney. Walt was one of the greatest influences to American entertainment. His childhood abuse and home life led him to pursue a standard of perfection to animation as well as create one of the most well known amusement parks in the world. Walter Elias Disney was born on December 5, 1901 in Chicago, IL. His interest in art started early on in his life. Disney doodled animals and nature as a child and also sold these sketchesRead MoreWalt Disney Biography Essay1414 Words   |  6 PagesWalt Disney is a legend, a folk hero of the 20th century. His worldwide popularity was based on imagination, optimism, creation, and self-made success in America. Walt Disney did more to touch the hearts, minds, and emotions of millions of kids and adults than any other person. He brought us closer to the future, while telling us of the past. It is certain, that there will never be such as great a man, as Walt Disney. Walter Elias Disney was born December 5, 1901 in Chicago Illinois. Walt was oneRead MoreWalt Disney Biography Essay1641 Words   |  7 Pagestrue, Walt Disney. Disney made a reputation of brilliance and [t]he combination of Disneys desire to try new techniques and his striving to make a better product set him apart from most other animators (Nardo 25). How could anyone forget classics like Mickey Mouse, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Fox and the Hound, the Little Mermaid, and many more all created by Disney? He created a cast of memorable animated and live-action characters that have been forever associated with the Disney nameRead MoreA Brief Biography of Walt Disney702 Words   |  3 Pages ​Walt Disney was more than just the creator of the Disney Company. Walt Disney made theme parks, animations, screenplays, and other businesses. He was a very influential icon in the 1900’s for his works that impacted all walks of life. He had a 64 year life full of glory but eventually he died from chain smoking complications. (He was never seen smoking in public though.) Walt Disney was one of the most influential entertainers in the 1900’s for his numerous awards, his work in popularizing animationRead MoreWalt Disney, a Brief Biography Essay1203 Words   |  5 Pages Walt Disney once said, â€Å"All of our dreams can come true if we have the courage to pursue them.† One man’s dream changed the world. Walt Disney is known worldwide for his ingenuity and creativity. He is also recognized for one of the biggest corporations worldwide. So what has made him stand out? All through Walt’s life, he worked hard to rise above his circumstances, determined never to give up, and above all to never stop dreaming. Walt Disney is among the top most successful businessmen of hisRead MoreWalter Elias Disney Had A Great Impact On American Television And Entertainment All Over The World Essay1138 Words   |  5 Pages Walter Elias Disney had a great impact on American television and entertainment all over the world. Walt Disney was born on December 5, 1901 just outside of Chicago, Illinois (â€Å"Walt Disney Biography†). Walt Disney moved to Missouri when he was five years old, where he began to develop a love for drawing (â€Å"Walt Disney’s Life†). When Disney was sixteen, he dropped out of school and was sent to France with the American Red Cross (Nix, Elizabeth). In 1919, Disney moved to Kansas City to become a newspaperRead MoreThe Exceptional Life Of Walt Disney1710 Words   |  7 PagesElias Disney â€Å"All of our dreams can come true, if we have the courage to pursue them†- Walt Disney Walter Elias Disney has made one of the greatest impacts in the entertainment industry and popular culture around the world (Walter Elias Disney, 2015). From his most famous creation, Mickey Mouse, to his invention of Disneyland, and to all his achievements made in the movie industry, Walt has changed the world. Few individuals have had the ability to impact the world they way Walt Disney did and

Essay on Internet Privacy - Carnivore, and the Power Of...

Carnivore: The Power Of FBI Surveillance Abstract: This paper provides an analysis of the privacy issues associated with governmental Internet surveillance, with a focus on the recently disclosed FBI tool known as Carnivore. It concludes that, while some system of surveillance is necessary, more mechanisms to prevent abuse of privacy must exist. Communication surveillance has been a controversial issue in the US since the 1920s, when the Supreme Court deemed unwarranted wiretaps legitimate in the case of Olmstead v United States. Since telephone wires ran over public grounds, and the property of Olmstead was not physically violated, the wiretap was upheld as lawful. However, the Supreme Court overturned this ruling†¦show more content†¦However, the same technology that empowers the general public also empowers criminals and terrorists. Is it worth it to compromise the privacy of the general public in order to monitor the behavior of a select few potential criminals? Thus far, the consensus has been no; every publicized effort by law enforcement to introduce general surveillance to the Internet has been met by loud public outcry. [Riley] The public simply will not permit law enforcement to do any form of monitoring that is not accompanied by probable cause and a search warrant. In July of 2000, the FBI announced Carnivore. The public reacted with visceral distrust, and within days, virtually everyone connected to a network and in the habit of reading forwards had heard of it. Polls from September 2000 list online privacy as at or near the top of consumer concerns [Riley]. The details of Carnivore were not announced immediately, so the facts were quickly shrouded in a mist of Orwellian sensationalism. Big Brother is reading your email, a fox news headline announced in summary. [Riley] Indeed, there was a good deal of justification for the general paranoia: the FBI had been using the product for over a year already without notifying the public. In the wake of all this controversy, it has become exceedingly difficult to obtain an objective account of what Carnivore actually is. Groups with an interest inShow MoreRelatedComputer Networking is Revolutionizing Our Society1956 Words   |  8 PagesThe Internet, a combination of technology, communication, and medi a, is a developing and unique medium in its infancy. Technology and tools of communication are still in the process of development as technology continues to advance. As a site of cultural, political, and ideological discussion, it has unquestionably contributed to a culture and lifestyle dependent on technology. The World Wide Web has reconfigured people’s perception of the world, allowing access to an extensive amount of information

Sample on Current Privacy Challenges Facing the ICT Professional

Question: Describe the literature review on current privacy challenges facing the ICT professional? Answer: Introduction In the present western societies, there are many people who are employed in gathering, handling, as well as distributing the data than in any other field (Rupp and Smith 2004). There are millions of computers that inhabit the earth and there are many miles of optical fibers, wireless links for the people, computers and huge array of data that handle devices together (Rupp and Smith 2004). Present society is the true society of information system, as its the time of information age (Cornish 2004). The actual question before us is whether this type of society created is demanded by the people (Rupp and Smith 2004). Its the question that needs to be mainly concern with those in the ICT community, as they are in forefront of creating a new society. There are various challenges that are faced in the information age (Rupp and Smith 2004). These issues stem through the nature of the information (10 ethical issues confronting IT managers 2006). Information is considered as the means by which the minds are expanded and enhanced with the capacity for achieving the goals that often result through the input for others mind (Rupp and Smith 2004). Therefore, information creates the intellectual capital through which human beings tries to craft the lives and even supports in securing the dignity (Benjamin 1991). Present Privacy Issues Faced by ICT Professional What kind of information is needed for the purpose of divulge about oneself and in what kind of conditions (Haag and Donald 2003). Another question which is raised is that what kind of information needs to be completely kept to oneself? These are few questions that are concern with the privacy (Haag and Donald 2003). In present time, there are many cautious citizens that raise these questions (10 ethical issues confronting IT managers 2006). Privacy could be defined as the single life condition, which is characterized through exclusion through the publicity (Haag and Donald 2003). This concept follows from right to the left. Haag and Donald (2003) mentions that this kind of privacy perception set the course for passing the laws of privacy in USA for around 90 years (Haag and Donald 2003). As such its noted that privacy needs to be regarded as the natural right that offers the base for all kind of legal rights (Haag and Donald 2003). The privacy right is therefore protected through the private law. The legal privacy right is constitutionally protected in many societies in democracy (Haag and Donald 2003). This kind of constitutional rights are expressed in various legislative forms (10 ethical issues confronting IT managers 2006). The example includes the USA privacy act of 1974; England data protection act and South Africa Open Democracy Act of 1996 (Haag and Donald 2003). In the year 1994, Australia has accepted the Privacy charter, which includes 18 principles of privacy that explains the right of citizen that concern with personal privacy, which is impacted through handling of information through the state (Haag and Donald 2003). Its noted that organization for economic and development and coordination also accepts in 1980 about the guidelines related to the privacy protection and trans-border personal data flow (Haag and Donald 2003). There are two forces, which create threat on the privacy, one of the increase in information technology through increasing the communication, retrieval, surveillance, storage, as well as computers (10 ethical issues confronting IT managers 2006). Another one relates to the insidious threat that enhances the information value in the process of decision making (10 ethical issues confronting IT managers 2006). Information is considered as increasingly valuable to the policy makers that also covert if acquiring invades the others privacy (Branscomb 1994). The major concern for the ICT professionals is the data protection, data privacy and the safety (10 ethical issues confronting IT managers 2006). Its noted that each day all over the world people are visiting the websites, which keep record of the information about them (10 ethical issues confronting IT managers 2006). It is most likely that in the next time, one can be in the library duty, and members of the public might visit the sites, which needs demand and registration that also passes over the personal details about ones before accessing it (10 ethical issues confronting IT managers 2006). It is also expected that there are many people that follow the little concept about rights under the law section and the same is used to which the data might be put (10 ethical issues confronting IT managers 2006). Therefore, it is significant that the staff in the public library need to be aware about the issues associated to the protection of data (10 ethical issues confronting IT managers 2006). Protection of data depicts the inherent tensions that lies among the rights of each individual towards keeping the information about themselves privately stored and the needs of the government and companies need to maintain the information about the individuals in order to facilitate the commerce as well as provision of services or try to prevent the crime (10 ethical issues confronting IT managers 2006). Privacy concerns are also related to the internet (10 ethical issues confronting IT managers 2006). From the survey with users, privacy over the internet has come out as the major concern (Haag and Donald 2003). Fears related to the misuse of the ICT professional personal information is referred as the issues for the net users and it is quite evident that supporting for the privacy laws is enacted in Australia (Haag and Donald 2003). Especially the cookie technology use that holds potential to disclose the information related to the unsuspecting the webs users is referred as the subject of criticism (Haag and Donald 2003). The question is that, why its important as well as desirable to stand on the shoulders of customers, when they try to access the websites; therefore, its a good idea to follow the instructions for them on what to do if the request of information on websites is made before the users access it (10 ethical issues confronting IT managers 2006). It is quite certain that not every site that needs the request for information about their visitors are good; rather it is significant that the customers should understand exactly what happens when one passes the details on internet (Haag and Donald 2003). There are very few people that will most likely to read about the lengthy information that are offered by the websites that states that what they will actually do with the data and even websites as football club needs that visitors should do the registrations before they are permitted to view the website material (10 ethical issues confronting IT managers 2006). The best idea is that to put the posters strategy that is packed around the area of computers in the library that includes the highlights about the issues of privacy (Haag and Donald 2003). There are certain points that need to be informed to the customers such as, personal data is valuable, and it should not be passed carelessly on any website (10 ethical issues confrontin g IT managers 2006). If any website requires the information about them, before accessing, understand the reason behind it (Haag and Donald 2003). If the user feels that the request is of no reason, then they should complain about the site provider (10 ethical issues confronting IT managers 2006). Along with privacy issues, ethical issues are another challenge for the OCT professionals (Haag and Donald 2003). The main ethical issues includes, deciding about category of personal as well as private information, which the professional is entitled to collect, and this is the main question for the professional (Haag and Donald 2003). Ethical issues also occur in case of confidential treatment of this kind of information (Haag and Donald 2003). These issues include specification about the information gained through the interview reference (Haag and Donald 2003). According to Haag and Donald (2003) the main issues of ethics in this context is can the personal information that is collected through the interview could be used for the purpose that is different from that which is mainly gathered; therefore, is it correct from ethical point of view to re-use that data for exploring the formulated strategy for one user for the other user, or it would be relevant to discuss about its nature related to particular query with other users (Haag and Donald 2003). The information accuracy issue might occur if the ICT professional is working over the user personal details that might directly create influence on persons life, for example medical details. Conclusion Its viewed from the above discussion that there are various privacy as well as ethical issues that affect the use of ICT along with the ICT professionals, working in IT and learning centers. It is important that staff require to be aware about all these issues even before assisting the customers, because the ignorance put in these areas is not actually the recipe for the poor service, and it cannot be potential costly for the It firms, as they are more liable for the legal breach. References Cornish, G. 2004. Copyright: interpreting the law for libraries, archives and information services, Fourth edn. London: Facet Publishing. Rupp, W. T. and Smith, A. D. 2004. Exploring the Impacts of P2P Networks on the Entertainment Industry. Information Management Computer Security, 12 (1), pp. 10216. Haag, M.C. and Donald, J.M. 2003. Security Privacy and Ethical issues, Hutchson Series for Computers, 4thEdition Information Systems for information Age. New York: McGraw Hill. 10 ethical issues confronting IT managers. 2006. [Online]. Available at: https://www.techrepublic.com/article/10-ethical-issues-confronting-it-managers/ [Accessed on: 21st March 2015]. Benjamin, L.M. 1991. Privacy, computers and personal information: Towards equality and equity in an information age.Communications and the Law, 13 (2), pp. 3-16. Branscomb, A.W. 1994.Who Owns Information?: From Privacy to Private Access. New York: Basic Books.A division of Harper Collins Publishers.

Family Essays - , Term Papers, Research Papers

Family Scholarship Essay Since the day I was born, I have enjoyed story-telling. My first memories are of my father spinning me tales, as I nodded off. Every night I traveled back in time through his stories. I learned of Nero's sadistic burning of Rome, Adolph Hitler's maniacal reign, and Sojourner Truth's brilliant speech. All elements of our historical heritage, for which I have great affection. When I was quite young, my father purchased our very first computer. Through his hobby, I grew to love the technical side of the world in which we live. Through the years, we have owned many computers and they each taught me something new. Due to these two loves, I have chosen to double major in history and computer science. "Jewel, you have to make it. I want you to finish what the rest of us have started. You must finish college," my grandmother has stated to me many times. No one in my family has completed a four year degree. It is my intent to blaze a trail for my posterity, as also is my grandmother's ambition. As long as I can remember it has been my fondest dream (and my furthest goal) to attend college. From the beginning, I knew it would be an uphill climb to gain admission into a prestigious university. Lately I have realized I cannot reach my dreams alone. I need assistance financially. Through applying for financial aid, I am able to alleviate this need. I sincerely hope that you will seriously consider my application.

Is an elite liberal arts college worth the price tag

Is an elite liberal arts college worth the price tag Last week I visited with the head guidance counselor at a well-regarded private high school in Madison. Amongst our topics of conversation was the trend he has noticed away from private colleges. Students were being accepted to Ivy League and other top colleges, then choosing not to attend, in favor of larger state schools. As you might imagine, the main reason for their decision was financial. These families are already paying $10,000/year to send their child to high school. Their coffers are strained if not empty. Yet, perhaps there are hidden factors that, if revealed, would sway these parents and students to choose a private college. A March 2012 article by P. Maloney, â€Å"Does it Pay to Attend an Elite Liberal Arts College?† explored the benefits of an elite liberal arts education. In this article, Maloney asks an important question: Is it worth the $50,000 price tag to send your child to one of these elite schools? I have asked a similar question in two previous articles, Is it Worth it to Compete for an Ivy League Education? and Employers Favor State Schools for Hires – But Ivy League is Still the Best Pick; in both instances, I concluded rather unscientifically that it was worth the cost to attend an elite school. Maloney’s more rigorous study supports my conclusions. He evaluated many major studies (a.k.a. the â€Å"literature†) on the subject, performed his own multi-faceted statistical analysis, and concluded that although attending an elite liberal arts college might not lead to higher earnings directly out of college, a statistically significant difference arises by the middle of a person’s career. Maloney points out that this finding is similar to that of Brand and Halaby (2006), another major study which found that the effects of attending an elite college on a person’s wages increased over time. Maloney admits that his study is limited in that â€Å"the number of individuals in the [study group] that attended an elite liberal arts college is rather small compared to the number that attended other types of schools. This may limit the scope to which these results can be extended.† More research is clearly needed. However, the results are indicative of a trend toward higher career earnings that could influence families’ decisions about where to send their children to college. If your child were accepted to both an elite private liberal arts college and a state school, how would you make your decision? What factors would you consider? If you knew that your child’s earnings potential would ultimately be significantly higher from attending an elite liberal arts college, would you still choose a state school or other less expensive option? If you have faced this type of choice or think you might face it in the future, I’d love to hear your thoughts and comments! Want essay writing help for your student to get into an elite college? Contact The Essay Expert for a 15-minute consultation. We will make that essay shine! Category:College AdmissionsBy Brenda BernsteinSeptember 10, 2012 4 Comments Christopher Feyrer says: September 11, 2012 at 12:19 am I would not choose whether my child went to the liberal arts college. He or she would. Given that, from a social networking perspective, Im sure that Ivy League connections would lead to hire eventual wages simply because of the higher least common denominator among the attendees and alumni. The biggest barrier for a layman like myself would be pure economics and barrier to entry. Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: September 11, 2012 at 12:35 am I believe that most parents would ideally like for their child to decide. With such large economic considerations, however, sometimes the parents do need to make an economic choice. And you have a lot of company in economics being the greatest barrier. Log in to Reply Christopher Feyrer says: September 11, 2012 at 12:20 am I meant higher eventual wages above. Thats what I get for dictating my post! Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: September 17, 2012 at 11:26 pm I received the following response to this article from one of my readers, who wished to remain anonymous. I think her comments add a great perspective: Thanks for another insightful article. Our daughter was accepted into the Honors program of our state school, but we are sending her to the University of Pennsylvania for several reasons: 1) We wanted her to interact with people from all over the world to expand her worldview and test her assumptions. She can do that better at Penn. In fact, we think that helped her conceptualize spending a semester abroad, which she is doing now. 2) We wanted to surround her with the brightest and most-motivated peers. Clearly, there are very bright and very motivated students at state schools, but many go for the price vs. the educational opportunity. 3) Sometimes, students cannot complete their education at state schools in four years because they cannot get into the classes they need. Not only does this diminish the price differential, but it presents an opportunity cost, since the student cannot enter the job market as soon. 4) How much money she makes after graduation should not be the sole criterion of success. I know from my own Ivy League education that I was forced to think analytically, write clearly, and test and retest my values. At a less intellectually rich institution, I might have had the impetus and support to hone my skills. Log in to Reply

The American government Its Principles Term Paper

The American government Its Principles - Term Paper Example The government of the United States is today still rooted in these five key principles of government. For instance, citizens of California are practicing popular sovereignty through endeavoring to recall Governor Davis (Ross 52). A debate over limited governance has arisen as the federal regime fights for more freedom to probe the personal lives of alleged terrorists (Ross 52). Bills are being proposed on a daily basis in Congress, which the President has veto power to ensure that federalism, checks and balances, as well as the separation of powers are incorporated in every facet of the Unites States government. The government is separated into three branches that are all governed by this principle. The three branches are the Legislative branch, the Executive branch, as well as the Judiciary branch. The American Constitution itself it governed by these principles, which also works in vice versa. This means that the American Constitution and these principles govern each other. This pa per will discuss the major principles of the American government, such as the rule of law and democracy, among others, and provide and analysis of the pros and cons of the issue making use of sources on both sides. Consent of the governed refers to a phrase of the U.S. Declaration of Independence (Lansford 97). Consent of the governed is synonymous with a political concept where the United States’ government moral right or legitimacy to apply state power is only legal and acceptable when founded on the society or people over which that political power is executed. The concept of consent, in the United States, was always compared to the divine right of rulers and has always been invoked against the authenticity of colonialism. Thinking in a similar way to that of English philosopher John Locke, consent of the governed dictates a nation be established upon the consent of equal and free citizens is a country of happiness

Juvenile Drug Abuse Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Juvenile Drug Abuse - Research Paper Example However, the various researches reveal that teenagers have access and abuse different studies from as early s middle school. The habit is notably higher in high school. Different factors contribute to the increasing rates of the habit. According to a fact sheet from the United States Department of Health and Human Services that analyzed facts surrounding Boys and Substance abuse, young boys are prone to developing the habit of drug abuse more than girls develop. The fact sheet indicates that adolescents venture into substance abuse in middle school. Drinking alcohol starts bat this age, but increases greatly in high school. In addition, in 2006, boys reportedly took more alcohol than girls did. In specific statistics, 16% of eight grade boys took alcohol. 47% of boys from twelfth grade and about 34% of tenth grade boys also took alcohol. In 2005, another research showed that three out of five boys used tobacco while two out of five tries out inhalants. In 2006, 22% of boys in grade twelve grade, 13% of tenth graders and 8% of those in eighth grade reportedly smoked at least a cigarette in a month. However, comparison with other years indicates that the rates of tobacco and inhalant use have been falling (United St ates Department of Health and Human Services, 2008). Concerning the use of marijuana the fact sheet indicates that more boys used marijuana in all grades than girls did. In addition, 38% eighth graders, 29% tenth graders and 15% eighth graders who were boys had used marijuana in a year’s time. However, research proved that girls used prescription drugs more than boys did. The fact sheet suggested that the trends in substance use were generally falling on comparison wit previous years. The sheet also made highlights on the factors affecting substance abuse. Teenagers turn to substance abuse to show rebellion, to evade the reality of poor performance in school and

Paul The Apostle Of The New Testament Religion Essay

Paul The Apostle Of The New Testament Religion Essay Paul the Apostle is one of the most important people in the New Testament. He wrote more books in the New Testament than any other author. This man did not start out as the person he was in the end however, for he was not always a Christian or lover of them. For a person to know who they are and where they come from is one thing, but to trade all one knows in for a different identity, life, and religion is something else altogether. Paul lived a life that was life changing, as well as world changing, to those he came into contact with. Paul was a very hard and rugged man and would not have made it through everything he encountered if it had not been for; the way he was raised as Saul, his conversion to Christianity, and his ability to place the mission of God before his own. Paul was born as Saul in the city of Tarsus, a commercial city in Asia Minor, located not too far from the Mediterranean coast. He more than likely was named after the first king of Israel, King Saul. His mother and father were Jewish, his father being a Pharisee from the family line of Benjamin, the son of Jacob. Being born and raised in a place like Tarsus made him aware of many other types of people from all walks of life. He encountered sailors, soldiers, merchants, wealthy and poverty stricken people. He also learned the trade of tent making while growing up in order to earn a decent living. In the tradition of the family during that time, whatever the father did as a trade the sons did also. The textile industry of that day, which included tent making and outer garments, did a fairly lucrative profession back then due to the presence of the sailors and soldiers ordinarily needing shelter from the elements. Not only was Saul born a Jew but he was also a Roman citizen. No one kno ws for sure; however it was Roman law that if a person was born free anywhere in the Roman Empire then they were Roman citizens. When males were born to Jewish parents they were dedicated to the service of God and brought up in very strict Jewish religious custom. Sauls mother read the Torah to him until around age four or five and then his father became his teacher for a year. By the time he was about six years old he was taken to school to learn the teachings of Moses in Hebrew and Greek, memorizing them as the teacher recited them. This took a lot of hard work and concentration on a young childs part but this is how serious his parents were about their tradition and religious belief. At fourteen or fifteen years old it was off to rabbinical school to study under Gamaliel, who was considered the master Rabbi. After studying under Gamaliel he became a Pharisee, for he said of himself in the bible; Men and brethren, I am a Pharisee, the son of a Pharisee (Acts 23:6). (Nelson) In the transition of studying in Tarsus and then studying in Jerusalem, Saul discovered that to be a Pharisee meant something totally different. He had learned that in Tarsus, it meant to observe the teachings of Moses and its interpretations by the Rabbi. In Jerusalem it meant to be a separatist and legalistic in your views concerning the Law. This is a major turning point in the life Saul. These men sought to hurt or even kill anyone who opposed them or called them out on their wrong doing. This is the advanced education Saul now received and had a fire in his heart to carry out this new standard of belief and teaching, this belief system that exchanged the spirit of the law for the letter of the law. Unlike the person he was a few years earlier he now becomes a crazed, heartless, religious fanatic that desires to destroy anyone that believes openly what is contrary to what he believes. He gets to the point where he not only kills Christians but because of his deep hatred for them, he a lso rounds them up to bring them into the city for torture, entertainment and sport. He goes all out persecuting Christians for what he believes is right; things like getting written permission to drag people from their homes to bring them to Jerusalem; until one day he has an experience on the Damascus road. (Boyd) While traveling from Jerusalem to Damascus on a mission to round up Christians, Saul had an experience he would never forget. As he rode down the Damascus road, all of a sudden he fell off the horse he was riding and a bright light shined all around him. (Acts 9:3-4) (Nelson) So bright in fact, that he was blinded by it. He heard a voice he thought to be a man but later recognized that it was not a man but the very Christ he persecuted by persecuting the Christians. This was another major turning point in the life of Saul. He now goes from persecuting, killing, beating, and torturing Christians to becoming one. His blindness lasted for three days and then he was healed of his blindness by the laying on of hands as it had been previously told to him. His name now is changed from Saul to Paul and he leaves Damascus and goes to Arabia in order to get to know the God of his salvation personally. He knows who God is by the letter of the written law but now needs to know Him by the spirit, so he gets away for approximately three years to spend time with God. After Paul returns to Damascus he proves hands down that Jesus is the Messiah, just like Jesus said He was, and the Jews there tried to kill him because he now preached the truth of the law they knew and recited. Pauls escaping with his life from this death attempt became the catalyst to him going from place to place and city to city spreading the Gospel. He was however, made an Apostle, and commissioned to preach the gospel of Jesus Christ to the Gentiles, the Grecians and all the non Jewish people, and convert them to Christianity and not the Jews. (Boyd) Paul began to travel on what is known as his missionary journeys throughout Asia Minor encountering manifold crises and near death experiences. He forged very strong relationships with men and women of like passion for God and His work as well as establishing many churches and installing pastors to oversee them as he traveled. He visited the churches he established and wrote letters to them when he could not physically be there. These letters came to be known as the Pauline epistles in the New Testament. These same letters serve today as direction and guidance for holy living. Paul the Apostle was shipwrecked several times, attacked, arrested, beaten with rods, and left for dead; yet persevered until he had accomplished his mission. Absolutely nothing but death would keep Paul from fulfilling the destiny that was his to complete and he did not taste of death until he knew he was ready. However, when the time had come for him to die they executed him. Ordinarily, they would have cruci fied him but it was unlawful to crucify a Roman citizen, so he was beheaded. Paul the Apostle was a great man in history and his life lives on through the pages of Holy Scripture. (Boyd) Citations Boyd, Robert T. Paul the Apostle. Iowa Falls: World Bible Publishers, 1995 Holy Bible: King James Version. Nashville: Nelson, 1999

Black Bourgeoisie Reading Response :: Free Essay Writer

Black Bourgeoisie Reading Response In the first section of Frazier’s Black Bourgeoisie, â€Å"The World of Reality†, Frazier introduces his discussion of the interplay of class and race. He outlines the historical roots of the social place of most African-Americans in the U.S.A. and that of the black middle class. Frazier asserts the inconsequential place of middle class African-Americans and their resulting inferiority complex. He depicts the black middle class as living in a â€Å"no man’s land† in the dominant white culture of America. Frazier begins a more detailed explanation of his theories by discussing the place of the black bourgeoisie in the political and power structures of America. He contends that the black middle class has no real power in America at this time. He attributes the appearance of power to the fact that the members of the black bourgeoisie hold strategic positions in the segregated community. However, he maintains that all of these â€Å"power† positions still feed into the white power structure. Next, he discusses the break with traditional African-American culture. According to Frazier, the black middle class has abandoned the folk culture of â€Å"the black masses† in favor of shell of the middle class white world that rejected them. Therefore, the black bourgeoisie lives in what Frazier calls a cultural vacuum, disdainful of the culture of most African-Americans, dismissed by the white middle class culture. Finally, Frazier discusses the result of this displacement on the black middle class. Because the black bourgeoisie buys into the ideals of white America more and is simultaneously more exposed to its hostility, their sense of inferiority is compounded. They seek to fill this void in two ways.

Consumer Perspective About Quality Service Provided

1. 1 AN introduction overview TO THE BROAD AREA OF TOPIC This research is based on comparison of Quality service offered by pizza hut and dominos. This research is based on to test the quality of service and comparison between two Pizza Houses. The fast food industries of India is experiencing phenomenal growth and is one of the fastest growing sectors in the country, with the compounded annual growth rates of the market crossing 25%. Further, on the back of changing and busy lifestyle, fast emerging middle class population and surging disposable income, the industry will continue to grow at a pace in coming years.It now accounts for roughly half of all restaurant revenues in the developed countries and continues to expand there and in many other industrial countries in the coming years. But some of most rapid growth is occurring in the developing world; where it's radically changing the way people eat. People buy fast food because it's cheap, easy to prepare, and heavily promoted. T his paper aims at providing information about fast food industry, its trend, reason for its emergence and several other factors that are responsible for its growth.This report provides extensive research and rational analysis on the Indian fast food industry and tracks the changing dynamics of the market. It features market performance, key related sectors and competitive landscape of the market. The research study looks into the market condition and future forecasts, and outlines current trends and analysis. It has been made to help clients in analysing the opportunities, challenges and Drivers vital to the growth of fast food industry in India.For the purpose of this report, Fast Food Industry includes fast food restaurants, teahouses, coffee shops and juice bars in India. Consumers will be feeling the impact of the crisis far more over the coming months and will have to adjust their daily habits and attitudes accordingly. There are already clear signs pointing in this direction, which are not necessarily detrimental to food retail. In times of economic crisis, the cocooning effect tends to emerge and this involves consumers focusing increasingly on activities within their own homes.Although only around half of consumers will actually be affected by the crisis, the situation will have a major impact on food retail. The various sectors, industries and retail will all be affected by the economic crisis to varying degrees. There will be losers, but also winners in this downturn. The 6000 corer fast food retail industry is mainly dominated by the multinational players and the key players which are active in the research of the food retailing include Pizza hut and Dominos. Introduction to Pizza HutPizza Hut is one of the flagship brands of Yum! Brands,Inc. , which also has KFC, Taco Bell, A&W and Long John Silver’s under its umbrella. Pizza Hut is the world’s largest pizza chain with over 12,500 restaurants across 91countries. In India, Pizza Hut ha s 137 restaurants across 36 cities, including Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore, Chennai, Kolkata, Hyderabad, Pune, and Chandigarh amongst other is in the process of opening Pizza Hut restaurants at many more locations to service a larger customer base across the country. Introduction to DominosDomino's vision is focused on â€Å"Exceptional people on a mission to be the best pizza delivery company in the world! â€Å". Domino's is committed to bringing fun and excitement to the lives of our customers by delivering delicious pizzas to their doorstep in 30 minutes or less, and all its strategies are aimed at fulfilling this commitment towards its large & ever growing customer base. Domino’s constantly strives to develop products that suit the tastes of its customers, thereby bringing out the Wow effect (the feel good factor). Domino's believes strongly in the strategy of ‘Think local and act regional’.Thus, time and again Domino's has been innovating toppings suitable to the taste buds of the local populace and the Indian market has very well accepted these. Domino's Pizza started life as Domi Nick's in 1960 founded by two brothers Tom and James Monaghan from Michigan. Within 8 months, James sold his share in the company to his brother, leaving Tom the sole owner of the pizza outlet. After 38 years as the head and owner of Domino's, co-founder Tom Monaghan decided to hand over the reins to another company, Bain Capital, selling his 93% share of the firm for a whopping $1 billion in 1998.The first UK Domino's Pizza store was opened in 1985, with the first outlet opening its doors in 1991. Domino's Pizza is now the second largest home pizza delivery company in America and has a global presence with 9,000 corporate and franchise outlets operating across 60 different international markets employing 145,000 employees worldwide. Domino’s Pizza India Limited is a Pizza Retail company spread across India across 85 Locations in 22 Cities. Their Sales Model is Take away and deliveries, deliveries accounting for about 70% of their business.Hence their main focus in to acquire and retain and increase the value of their customers. Domino’s Pizza India Limited is a Pizza Retail company spread across India across 85 Locations in 22 Cities. Their Sales Model is Take away and deliveries, deliveries accounting for about 70% of their business. Hence their main focus in to acquire and retain and increase the value of their customers. It holds the complete Customer Information including the transaction history.Grouping the customers based on User Specified Criteria to facilitate campaigns on the selected groups. The Campaign Management module is used for planning, executing and analysing campaigns results. Apart from this, the solution would also provide detailed analysis of Sales trends and customer behaviour over parameters such has time, Hours of day, Customer Segment, Order value, order frequency etc. 1. 2 INTRODUCTION TO THE SP ECIFIC AREA OF TOPIC This Project has been titled â€Å"Comparative study on consumer perspective about quality service offered by PIZZA HUT Vs.DOMINOS† It is been noticed that there is shift of customer from Dominos to Pizza hut and there is increase in number of customer at Pizza hut and also there is drastic change in areas of customer satisfaction, approach and the customer retention which is only because of the quality service that they are getting from the respective outlets. The study would help the hospitality based industries to plan and to build the strong, sound and rigid strategies to make the loyal customer and their satisfaction and retention.The habit of consumer changing from one brand to another brand due to many reason like Quality of service, Price, Accessibility, Value for money and Speed with service. By comparing Number of transaction that happened at Pizza hut and Dominos from 2006 to 2011. This is found that there is decreasing in Pizza hut Transaction by every Year. This topic of study is based on the SOP and the Standard that the company following to win back their customer again and again. Some of these are as follow:- Fact to Pizza Hut * Pizza Huts worldwide sales were approximately $10 billion. * Pizza Hut service more than 1. million pizzas every day to approximately 5 million customers worldwide. * Pizza Hut owns and operates more than half of its restaurant and delivery units making Pizza Hut, Inc. the largest company-owned restaurant chain in the world. * The highest volume Pizza Hut restaurant in the world is in Moscow followed b stores located in France, Hong Kong, Finland and the U. K. * Outside the US the country with the most Pizza Hut units is Australia (405) followed by Canada (354) and the U. K. (326. * Pizza Hut delivery drivers range in age from 18 to 80 miles, and average 50 miles per driver per day to deliver Pizza Hut products.The mode of transportation varies from country to country with motor scooters the most common mode in Western Europe, the U. K. And the Asia Pacific Countries. * Pizza Hut uses 2. 5 percept of all the milk produced in the US every year for cheese. That cheese production requires a herd of 250,000 dairy cows producing at full capacity 365 days a year. * Pizza Hut uses more than 50 million pounds of wheat representing the annual yield from nearly 400,000 acres of wheat. * Pizza Hut uses more than 400 million pounds of tomatoes each year and 50 million pounds of pepperoni. Approximately 50 % of all Pizza Hut units outside the US are full service restaurant. About 35 to 40 % are delivery carry out units, and 10 t0 15 % are express units or slide â€Å"windows†. Vision â€Å"Growth with big heart† Mission â€Å"To become the number one company in every category we operate† Pizza Hut Objectives * Making great pizza * Customer satisfaction * Customer mania * To have strong appetite for learning * To wake up every day in order to think about global m arket. * To provide great service to all customer. * To celebrate the successful of the company. * To put yum on peoples face around the world Interrelated System at DominosThe Point of Sale application is located at the store. The Customer Service Representative (CSR) takes the order in this system. It is a Clipper/FoxPro Bases system in use since Dominos started operations in India. It primarily holds customer information such as Name, Phone Number and Address and Location (Delivery Area/Sector as defined by Dominos) data transfer is One way i. e. from POS – SLX and subsequently in the next phase it would be 2 way. Email System: A POP3 Email System to send out email. Functional Equipment at Dominos * Customer Management * Campaign Planning * Campaign Execution * Post Campaign Analysis Reports and Analysis Customer Management at Dominos Information from the POS in brought in by Batch Data Import and data such as Last order date, Total order value, Order Frequency, Average ti cket value are calculated after batch update is done. This is used to classify the customer based on customer inactivity, order value etc. to run Campaign to get further business from the customer. Response of Management at Dominos The responses for all the above communication channels are captured in the POS and are then imported into the Sales logic system. The responses are recorded as Orders booked against the campaign.Only a delivered order is considered as a response to a campaign. Sales logic however provides the functionality to capture other forms of response and can be used at a later stage as and when the requirement arises. The response is captured in order to perform effective post campaign analysis. Dominos in India Domino’s was incorporated in New Delhi on March 16th1995 as a private company under the name Dominos India Private Ltd. Domino's Pizza India has remained focused on delivering great tasting Pizzas and sides, superior quality, exceptional customer ser vice and value for money offerings. Domino’s PizzaIndia has a network of around 300outlets, in 65 cities, in 22 states and union territories (as on 31st Jan 2010) According to the India Retail Report 2009; it is the largest Pizza chain in India and the fastest growing multinational fast food chain. Vision â€Å"Exceptional people on a mission to be the best pizza delivery company in the world! † Domino's is committed to bringing fun, happiness and convenience to the lives of our consumers by delivering delicious pizzas to their doorstep in 30 minutes or less ,and its efforts are aimed at fulfilling this commitment towards its large and ever-growing customer base.Today, Domino’s occupies 65% market share in the home delivery segment. Mission â€Å"Exceptional franchisees and team members on a mission to be the best pizza delivery company in the world. † Itimplements this mission statement by following business strategy:- * Puts franchisees and Company-owne d stores at the foundation all thinking and decisions; * Emphasizes ability to select, develop and retain exceptional team members and franchisees; * Provides a strong infrastructure to support stores * Builds excellent store operations to create loyal customers. 1. 3 introductions to the TopicThis study under the head â€Å"Comparative study on Quality service offered by Pizza Hut vs. Dominos† has been undertaken to measure the satisfaction level of customers regarding the products and the services provided by the respective organization. Sources of data collected from Primary data and Secondary data. Sample Size taken 100. Technique of analysis was chi square. The type of study used is Descriptive Study. Sample technique is Convenience Sampling. The topic mainly focuses on the quality of service offered by both the company and the result of which the company got more popular day by day.This Dissertation report provides extensive research and rational analysis on the Indian fast food industry and tracks the changing dynamics of the market and demand. It features market performance, key related sectors and competitive landscape of the market. The research study looks into the market condition and future forecasts, and outlines current trends and analysis. It has been made to help clients in analysing the opportunities, challenges and Drivers vital to the growth of fast food industry in India.For the purpose of this report, Fast Food Industry includes fast food restaurants, teahouses, coffee shops and juice bars in India. Consumers will be feeling the impact of the crisis far more over the coming months and will have to adjust their daily habits and attitudes accordingly. From the study researcher inferred that the customers who are visiting at Dominos are highly satisfied with its products and services than the Pizza Hut. The environment of the store & variety of products at Pizza Hut and Dominos makes difference in mind of visitor.This Out let have a t remendous potential where it can improve its revenue drastically by concentrating on its existing customer base. Thus this project topic is mainly tells about the policy and the standard that the Pizza Hut and Dominos uses to serve the customer daily bases in the Dine In as well as Home Delivery service. This topic will make someone to understand the comparative study of service quality offered by these both company 2. 1-Introduction to literature review and Research Design This research is based on compassion of the quality service offered by Pizza Hut and dominos.This research is based to test the quality of service and comparison between two Pizza outlets jointly, with seeking the factor with the GAP. With this study, we wanted to demonstrate the easiness of use of SERVQUAL instrument in the case of the Quality, showing that the questionnaires can easily be reproduced and adapted to any services organization. Therefore the present model in order to be applied in this kind of orga nization needs future and profound refinements. The research conducted for this Dissertation study is descriptive type. The data collection was done through questionnaire and the secondary Data available.Making right design and the planning for the report is essential for every project reports which will make the reports original, meaningful and the informational. The research design must be simple so that the researcher can complete the report in time with full of information. 2. 2-Literature Review A consumer’s perception of quality levels has long been a focus for marketing literature research. For example, the consumer’s judgement concerning an entity’s overall level of excellence or superiority has been used as a measurement of perceived quality.Objective measures of quality, measured by elements such as the â€Å"conformance to requirements† or â€Å"freedom from deficiencies† have been defined as the basis for quality assessment. However, th ese objective measures are difficult to translate into methods for assessing service (as opposed to product) quality. 2. 2. 1 Customer satisfaction and loyalty studies in service This difficulty led to the development of Seroquel, intended to assess user perceptions of quality in a service environment from the methodological point of view: Respondents fatigue at having to rate all service attributes twice.They also tend to rate most dimensions as being highly important, since they are unable to distinguish between aspects that are very and extremely important Respondents may interpret expectation importance questions in different ways. Parasuraman, Zeithaml and Berry (1988) â€Å"SERVQUAL: A Multiple-Item Scale for Measuring Consumer Perceptions of Service Quality. † Journal of Retailing developed the original 22 item SERVQUAL scale with questions intended to assess five specific dimensions (tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy).Parasuraman in 1985 i dentify the 10 core components of service quality as reliability (consistent performance and dependability), responsiveness (willingness/readiness to serve), competence (possessing knowledge and skills), access (approachability and ease of contact), courtesy (politeness, consideration and friendliness of staff), communication (updating and listening to customers), credibility (trustworthy and reputable, with customer interests at heart), security (freedom from danger and risk), customer knowledge (Understanding needs and personalized attention), as well as tangibles (facilities and physical features).The SERVQUAL instrument utilizes a â€Å"gap (or difference) [Carman, James M. (1990) â€Å"Consumer Perceptions of Service Quality score†] analysis methodology, wherein the user’s expectations for service quality are assessed at the same time as the user’s perception of the actual system performance. The difference between these two scores (performance minus expec tation) is used as the basis of analysis. At least two studies have found evidence that SERVQUAL represents a one-dimensional model. [Charles W. Lamb. 1991) â€Å"An Evaluation of the SERVQUAL Scales in a Retailing Setting†,] a 1993 study concluded that the performance-only element of SERVQUAL â€Å"performs about as well as SERVQUAL itself†. The authors found that â€Å"Overall, the oncological validity evidence somewhat favours the non-difference score measure to the SERVQUAL measure†. CONCERNS ABOUT SERVQUAL’S UNDERLYING DIMENSIONS One of the aims of this study involves the use of SERVQUAL instrument in order to ascertain any actual or perceived gaps between customer expectations and perceptions of the service offered.Another aim of this is to point out how management of service improvement can become more logical and integrated with respect to the prioritized service quality dimensions and their affections on increasing/decreasing service quality gaps . In the following, after a brief review of the service quality concept, the model of service quality gaps and the SERVQUAL methodology is demonstrated and an example is presented to pinpoint the application of the SERVQUAL approach. Then, after a discussion the value and the quality of the product should be kept safe. This will ensure the quality of the service offered by the out let is up to mark.So that the guest royalty can be maintained and provide the royalty to every guest. 2. 3 statement of the problem This Project has been titled â€Å"Comparative study on consumer perspective about quality service offered by PIZZA HUT Vs. DOMINOS† this is to find out that the quality of service offered by Dominos and the Pizza Hut and why the customers choosing this industry for their food. It is been noticed that there is shift of customer from Pizza Hut to Dominos and there is increase in number of customer at Dominos and also there is drastic change in areas of customer satisfact ion, approach and the customer retention.The study would help the hospitality based industries to plan and to build the strong, sound and rigid strategies to make the loyal customer and their satisfaction and retention. The habit of consumer changing from one brand to another brand due to many reason like Quality of service, Price, Accessibility, Value for money and Speed with service. By comparing Number of transaction that happened at Pizza hut and Dominos from 2006 to 2011. This is found that there is decreasing in Pizza hut Transaction by every Year. 2. 4 scope of the problemThe current study is undertaken for the purpose analysing the quality of service offered by Pizza Hut and Dominos. Details of the operations of the companies that have been providing the quality service to retain their customer. A study covering performance of the business will definitely give a better result with respect to the financial performance of the business and the marketing aspect of the business. If the financial performance of the company is compared with few other reputed firms in the industry will give the clear picture about the position of Pizza Hut and Dominos. This study helps the organizations to increase the customer loyalty and satisfaction. * This study will help to manage the internal environment and the management to make customer happy by providing quality service * This will ensure to maintain the guest culture at the organisation so the company can achieve the loyal customer again and again. * This will help in maintaining the product quality and accuracy on the service offered. * This study gives s cheer information about consumer preferences on different brands of Pizza out let. * This study gives information about consumer awareness on quality of food they serve. The study is useful to know the consumer preference and their reasons to prefer and not to prefer product of this company. * This study is useful to amylase the price position of their choice. * T his study is useful to know the impact of brand advertisement on consumers. This study is useful to know the set is faction level with different attributes of the company 2. 5 objective of the study This study has been undertaken to: * To study about the quality of service that customer gets from Pizza Hut and Dominos and compare the service quality of both the company to find the required solution to lacking. To make the future plan and to decide for the present changes that need to bring in the business to win back the unhappy customer. * To understand how the hospitality company make the customer satisfaction and deliver quality service. * To understand the procedures and techniques involved in marketing aspects of the concern. * To analyse and evaluate the Marketing performance of the business and to ascertain the rate of success * To know the way of segmented its products to know the areas in which the dealers satisfy their customer and the areas that they need to improve. 2. 6 methodology of the studyResearch generally refers to a search for knowledge. It may be defined as the objective and systematic method of finding solution to a problem, which consists of systematic collection, recording, analysis, interpretation and reporting of information about various facts of a phenomenon under study. It plays a truly analytical approach to decision-making and helps in the evaluation of the decision that has been taken. The study requires data to be collected from Primary and secondary sources Secondary data would be collected from websites, journals, monthly and annual publications of the cement Organizations, Magazines, and Experts.Data collected would be compiled, classified and tabulated for analysis. Analysis would be done using the statistical tool of comparative techniques. Inferences would be drawn from the analysis, conclusions would be made and suggestions would be given The First Phase of Study * To collect secondary data about the customer feedback a nd view about the quality of service received from the company and * Primary data through the questionnaire. The Second Part is an Analytical Study * To examine the requirement quality service and customer satisfaction in the areas of hospitality. Method of Data CollectedThe method adopted for the study is collecting data. The data there are two ways. * Primary data * Secondary data Primary Data Primary data is the data collected by the researcher of the specific study. The study entitled â€Å"Quality of service offered by Pizza hut Vs. Dominos† with special reference quality food. To get an accurate detail separate structured Questionnaires were designed for customers. Discussions were held with customers. The study is of more than 100 customers at different areas in Bangalore * Through questionnaire Secondary Data Secondary data can be defined on the data collected by someone else for the purpose of study.It is based on second hand information. The data collected with comp anies past record, Journals, Broachers and from the library. * Websites * Newspapers * Journals, Magazines, Annual publications of Banks * Books , Internet Sample Size For the need of the study the customer survey was conducted. The sample size for the customers was 100. About Questionnaire The Questionnaire is the most common instrument used in collecting primary data for the study conducted. Questionnaire is one for the consumer was used. These types of questions included in the Questionnaire are: * Multiple Choice Questions, Rating, Ranking and Open-end questions. . 7 Need of the study * To know about the service quality at hospitality industry and to provide the required suggestion. * To know how the hospitality industry can make the customer happy by the quality of service offered by them. * To know the hindrance and the other rules regulation or objection this stops hospitality industry to deliver 100% quality service. * To know the impact of hospitality industry to the Indian economy. * To know about the factor that affects the business of retail food chain and fast food chain and to prevent company from crisis situation. This will help to know the customer and their attitude towards different brands this will help to project the sale for future and to arrange the right product that they need from the out let. * This study will also help Both Pizza hut and Dominos to build the effective business strategy in the market to maximise their revenue. 2. 8 limitation of the study * The study is conducted of academic nature and the time period given was 4 to 6 week to finish the reports. * The information collected for the analysis would be from Newspapers, Journals, Magazines, internet, CSL and other related books. The information provided by the personnel may be biased or inaccurate in case of secondary as well as primary data. * The analysis is based on only the data collected which are secondary and primary data through questionnaire. * Assumption has been made while deriving the various figures in the calculations of data collected. * The company personnel could not spare time due to busy schedule and hence the project proceeded at a very slow pace. * Not much information was revealed by the company, as the executive personnel wanted to keep certain information confidential.Only monetary aspect as projected by the financial statement have been taken into 2. 9 chapter scheme The present study is classified into five chapters 2. 9. 1- The introductory chapter presents the introduction to the company, growth of the company in India and their internal operation to provide the quality service. 2. 9. 2- The second chapter discusses the review of literature, statement of problem, objectives of study, methodology, Scope of study, Need of the study and Limitation of the study. 2. 9. 3- The third chapter presents the company profile and product profiles and the customer profile 2. . 4- The fourth chapter we have all the results, analysis and d iscussions. 2. 9. 5- The fifth chapter consists of major findings, suggestions, conclusions and policy implication and scope for further study. 3. 1 pizza hut profile The legacy of Pizza Hut began in 1958, when two college students from Wichita, Kansas, Frank and Dan Carney, were approached by a family friend with the idea of opening a Pizza parlour. Although the concept was relatively new to many Americans at that time, the brothers quickly saw the potential of this new enterprise. Over the past four decades the Pizza Hut as built a reputation for excellence that has earned the respect of consumers and industry experts alike. Pizza Hut’s products have been voted Number One in countless consumer surveys nationwide. Pizza Hut, a division of Tricon Global Restaurants, Inc. , has more than 7,200 units in the U. S. and 3,000 units in more than 86 other countries. Pizza Hut is owned by Pepsi Internationals who also owns Taco bell and KFC. Pizza Hut is commitment to quality, dedica tion to service and value & the qualities of entrepreneurship, growth and leadership, which have characterized its business through nearly four decades of success.Tricon is the parent company to two other segment leaders, Taco Bell and KFC. When combined with Pizza Hut, these organizations make up the world's largest restaurant group, with almost twice as many units as McDonald's. When it comes to leadership Pizza Hut has a proactive approach to product development and marketing. The five major products, Pan Pizza, Thin ‘N Crispy pizza, Hand-Tossed style pizza, Stuffed Crust Pizza and The Big New Yorker Pizza are loved by millions around the world and have become the standard by which all others are judged. A Glance look at Pizza hut OutletTarget Market The target market belongs to upper – upper and upper middle class who has a definite taste for foreign foodstuff. Out of 140 million people, we are only targeting 20% of the population. Right now they are targeting marke t, which is 1% of the total urban population. Anybody whose household income is over Rs 100,000 is in the â€Å"A† category, Rs. 50,000 is â€Å"B† and â€Å"C† is Rs. 50,000. They are right now catering to â€Å"A† and â€Å"B† market and they have not touched the entire market. They are also targeting kids, teenagers and students ; are also trying to increase their customer base.Growth of the Organisation Pizza hut entered in India in 1996, and opened its first restaurants in Bangalore. Since then it has captured a dominant and significant share of the Pizza market and has maintained an impressive growth rate of over 40 % per annum. Pizza Hut now has 350 outlets across 50 cities in India. And employed nearly 17000 people by end of 2007. Yum ! Has invested about US$25 million in India so far this is over and above investments made by franchisees. YUM ! Brands Owns Kentucky Fried Chicken, Pizza Hut, Taco Bell ,A;W and Long john silver Restaurants w orldwide.Yum ! Generated more than US$ 25. 9 billion in worldwide sales in the year 2003, and has more than 33000 restaurants in over 100 countries. History of Pizza Hut Pizza Hut Year after Year| 1958| The first Pizza Hut restaurant opens in Wichita, Kansas, started by two college-aged brothers who borrowed $600 from their mother. | 1959| Pizza Hut is incorporated in Kansas and the first franchise unit opens in Topeka, Kansas. | 1965| â€Å"Putt-Putt to Pizza Hut† musical jingle developed for Pizza Hut's first television commercial. 1967| World's largest pizza (six feet in diameter) is baked and served at the grand opening of a Fort Worth, Texas Pizza Hut restaurant. | 1968| International market entered with opening of Pizza Hut restaurant in Canada. | 1969| Red roof adopted for restaurants. | 1970| Sandwiches added to basic menu of Thin ‘N Crispy pizza, salad, beer and soft drinks. | 1971| Pizza Hut becomes the number one pizza restaurant chain in the world in both sa les and number of restaurants. | 1972| Pizza Hut, Inc. listed on New York Stock Exchange under the symbol PIZ| 1973| Pizza Hut restaurants open in Japan and England. 1975| Thick'n Chewy pizza introduced. | 1976| The 100th international Pizza Hut restaurant is opened in Australia, while entire system reaches 2,000. | 1984| There are more pizza locations than hamburger restaurants in US. | 1984| Pizzerias account for 9. 9% of all restaurants in the U. S. | 1986| Delivery service, as a new concept, is initiated. | 1988| Hand-Tossed Traditional Pizza is introduced throughout the system. | 1989| The Pizza Hut Jobs Plus program expands nationwide to employ more than 10,000 individuals with physical and developmental disabilities.The Jobs Plus program is recognized as the largest corporate initiative of its kind in the food service industry. | 1990| Pizza Hut delivers more than 1,340,000 pizzas on Super Bowl Sunday. | 1992| Pizza Hut provides 120,000 free meals to relief volunteers and tho se who lost their homes. | 1993| Pizza Hut introduces BIGFOOT Pizza — two square feet of pizza cut into 21 slices. | 1995| Two Customer Satisfaction programs initiated: a 1-800 Customer Satisfaction Hotline and a Customer Call-Back Program, which takes the pulse of 50,000 customers per week. 1995| The Deliver Me Homeâ„ ¢ program is created by Pizza Hut and the National Centre for Missing and Exploited Children and is tested at the Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport to inform the community of an important identification tool in helping to locate, identify and return missing children to their families. | 1995| Pizza Hut wins the 1995 â€Å"Choice of Chains† award for Best Pizza Chain sponsored annually by Restaurants & Institutions magazine, making Pizza Hut the â€Å"Best Pizza Chain† ten of the last eleven years. | 1997| PepsiCo announces restaurant spin-off. 1998| Pizza Hut celebrates 40 years of making and serving great pizza. | Pizza Hut Consumer Prof ile DEMOGRAPHICSThe age group of our customers is family oriented i. e. , the parlor offers a variety that to the needs of the family as a whole. | INCOMEThe income bracket includes Rs. 50,000 per month and above. | OCCUPATIONProfessionals, Executives, House Wives, studying individuals. | PSYCHOGRAPHCS| ACTIVITIESActively participate in social welfare causes, business matters, and members of socially elite clubs, annual family vacations. LIFE STYLEEncouraging eating habits towards foreign foodstuff, for instance, likely to use cake mixes, imported cheese. | MEDIA HABITSRegular readers of Newspapers and Magazines. | PERSONALITYQuality food conscious, outgoing and healthy eating habits health conscious people. | Pizza hut marketing mix Product Pizza Hut offers aims in providing 100% customer satisfaction by excellence in the product, service, equipment and hospitality they offer the products quality and taste remains standard of excellence all over the world.It has maintained its qual ity by importing the main ingredients and keeping the recipes the same exclusively, for the South Asia regions it test launched spicy flavoured Chicken Tikka. Followed by a Seek Kebab Pizza. Which gained and remained so popular that they were included in the regular menu? To make a check of its service and customers satisfaction, they issue a comment card to make sure they come up to their customer’s satisfaction. Price They are serving various variety of Pizzas, there menu card along with their respective prices have been placed at the appendix section. PromotionPizza Hut runs more or less the same type of promotion and advertising campaigns in Pakistan as it does internationally, with the exception of electronic media. It uses advertising tools such as newspapers, magazines to create awareness and to get its message through its required target market. Recently they are doing joint promotion with Milo and Pepsi in connection with World Cup Cricket 1999. Pizza Hut promotion b udget remains the same worldwide except for a few countries i. e. it allocates 50% of its promotion budget on national advertising and 50% of the budget to regional advertising.With regard to promotion, they have launched kid Club for children under 12 year of age. Every Tuesday is kids night for members where they get 50% discount on their order. They are trying to start a program called book it, to promote reading habits among kids. Any child who reads a book and get it signs by his teacher that he has read it get a free Pizza. Pizza Hut has adapted to promotional and advertising techniques regarding the local market. It uses Newspaper and Magazines according to their availability and effectiveness with regard to their respective target market. PlaceBANGALORE:-At present there are 50 functioning units of Pizza Hut in BANGALORE, few of them are ITPL| Takeaway, Dine-in seating capacity of 200| Airport Road| Takeaway, Dine-in seating capacity of 250| PCP| Takeaway, dine-in seating ca pacity of 120| FORUM MALL| Take away with dine-in seating capacity of 50. | C hally| Takeaway, dine-in seating capacity of 150| jayanagar| Takeaway, dine-in seating capacity of 120| Kormangla| Takeaway, dine-in seating capacity of 200| Shanti Nagar| Takeaway, dine-in seating capacity of 150| Signature Mall| Takeaway, dine-in seating capacity of 150| BSK| Takeaway, dine-in seating capacity of 120|BSK-2| Takeaway, dine-in seating capacity of 120| V Mall| Takeaway, dine-in seating capacity of 120| M Mall| Takeaway, dine-in seating capacity of 150| Vijay Nagar| Takeaway, dine-in seating capacity of 150| Ramaya| Takeaway, dine-in seating capacity of 120| CMH Road| Takeaway, dine-in seating capacity of 110| Kanak Pura| Takeaway, dine-in seating capacity of 120| Brigade Road| Takeaway, dine-in seating capacity of 110| Product Profile of Pizza Hut Pizza hut serves the quality and variety of food product of many flavours, this product can be classified as follow:- * Pizzas (Veg ; Non veg) * Beverages Appetizer ( Hot ; Cold) * Main course ( Pizzas) * Deserts * Tea * Pastas Beverages Appetizer Pizzas 3. 2 dominos profile Privately held Domino's, Inc. is the number two pizza chain in the world, trailing only the Pizza Hut division of YUM! Brands, Inc. The company operates a network of more than 7,300 company-owned and franchised stores in all 50 U. S. states and more than 50 other countries. Nearly 90 % of Domino's more than 4,800 U. S. outlets are franchise stores. Including the employees of franchisees, there are about 145,000 Domino's workers around the world, and global system wide sales in 2002 totals $3. 6 billion. Domino's was built on simple concepts, offering just delivery or carry-out and an extremely limited menu: for more than 30 years, the company offered only two sizes of pizza, 11 topping choices, and–until 1990–only one beverage, cola. In recent years the company has added salads, breadsticks, and other non-pizza items to its menu in an effor t to stave off rivals Pizza Hut, Papa John's International, Inc. , and Little Caesar Enterprises, Inc. , but has otherwise held fast to its focus on the basics of providing quality pizza and service.The driving force behind Domino's for most of its history was founder Tom Monaghan, who late in 1998 sold control of the company to Bain Capital, Inc. , a Boston-based private equity investment firm. Monaghan, however, retained a 27 % voting stake. Originating in the 1960s Monaghan was born in 1937 near Ann Arbor, Michigan. Following his father's death in 1941, Monaghan lived in a succession of foster homes, including a Catholic orphanage, for much of his childhood. His mother, after finishing nursing school and buying a house, made two attempts to have Tom and his brother live at home with her, but she and Tom failed to get along.During these years Monaghan worked a lot of jobs, many of them on farms. His father's aunt took him in during his senior year of high school, but after that he was once again on his own. A quote from Monaghan in his high school yearbook read: â€Å"The harder I try to be good the worse I get; but I may do something sensational yet. † For several years Monaghan worked to try to save money for college; he joined the Marines and saved $2,000, but gave it in several instalments to a fly-by-night â€Å"oil man† he met hitchhiking, who took the money and ran. Monaghan returned to Ann Arbor to ive with his brother Jim, who worked for the Post Office and did occasional carpentry work at a pizza shop called Domi Nick's. When Jim Monaghan overheard the pizza shop owner discussing a possible sale, he mentioned buying it as a possibility to Tom. With the aid of a $900 loan from the Post Office credit union, in December 1960 Jim and Tom Monaghan were in business in Ypsilanti, Michigan. Within eight months, Jim Monaghan took a beat-up Volkswagen Beetle as a trade for his half of the partnership. Tom moved in across the street from his sho p. The store Monaghan bought had little room for sit-down dining; from the start, delivery was key.The first drivers, laid-off factory workers, agreed to work on commission. After only $99 in sales the first week, profits climbed steadily to $750 a week. Early on, Monaghan made decisions that streamlined work and greatly enhanced profits: on two separate occasions he dropped six-inch pizzas and submarine sandwiches from his menu when he was shorthanded at his shop, reasoning that he and his staff could handle the rush better without making special-sized pizzas or sandwiches in addition to regular pizzas. When he went over the numbers the day after, both times Monaghan found that his volume and profits had increased.Keeping the menu simple made financial sense. Although his salary rose to $20,000 a year, Monaghan was not satisfied. On the advice of Jim Gilmore, a local chef with some restaurant experience, Monaghan opened a Pizza King store offering free delivery in Mt. Pleasant, nea r the Central Michigan University campus. Gilmore ran the original DomiNick's as a full partner with Monaghan. By early 1962, although the Ypsilanti store was not doing well, Gilmore persuaded Monaghan to open a Pizza King at a new Ann Arbor location, which Gilmore would oversee while Monaghan whipped the original DomiNick's back into shape.Gilmore convinced Monaghan to continue expanding in a financially dangerous way: because Gilmore had been bankrupt when the partnership began, all papers were in Monaghan's name. By 1964, when Gilmore became ill, he made his differences clear: he liked sit-down stores while Monaghan ran delivery. He asked for $35,000 for his share in the pizzerias. Although Monaghan considered the price preposterous, he did want to separate from Gilmore. He hired lawyer Larry Sperling, who worked out a deal whereby Monaghan would pay Gilmore $20,000.Gilmore would keep two restaurants in Ann Arbor; Monaghan, two pizzerias in Ypsilanti and one in Ann Arbor. Althoug h their partnership was dissolved, Monaghan was still dependent on Gilmore's success in business. In February 1966 Monaghan bought one more shop from Gilmore, but later that year Gilmore filed for bankruptcy, with a total debt of $75,000, in Monaghan's name. Monaghan managed to sell Gilmore's restaurant, leaving him immediately responsible for only $20,000, with the new owner of Gilmore's to pay off related debts on a month-by-month basis.As Monaghan's operations grew, the original owner of DomiNick's decided to maintain rights to the name. Under deadline for a Yellow Pages ad, driver Jim Kennedy came up with the name Domino's Pizza. The new company incorporated in 1965. Free from the Gilmore-related debts, Monaghan was ready to begin franchising. The first board of directors included Tom, his wife and bookkeeper, Margie, and Larry Sperling. Sperling drafted a franchise agreement in which Domino's would keep 2. 5 % as royalties from sales, 2 % to cover advertising, and 1 % for bookk eeping.As Monaghan stated in his autobiography Pizza Tiger: â€Å"By today's standards, the royalties were far too favourable to the franchisee. But it served our purpose then, and I was not concerned about covering all future contingencies. † The first franchisee, Chuck Gary, was a man visible in local and state politics; he took over an original store on the east side of Ypsilanti. While Sperling and Monaghan hammered out financial matters–the former wanted to control costs, the latter to build sales–Domino's Pizza slowly gathered a base of corporate staff.The second franchisee, Dean Jenkins, was handpicked by Monaghan to take over the first store to be built from the ground up. By July 1967, when Jenkins's store was up and running, Domino's Pizza moved to East Lansing, home of Michigan State University. Its dormitory population, at approximately 20,000, was the largest in the nation. Dave Kilby, originally hired to do some radio copywriting for Domino's, late r bought into a franchise, then began working at company headquarters, located above the Cross Street shop in Ypsilanti. Kilby then worked on franchisee expansion with Monaghan.In February 1968 a fire swept through Monaghan's original pizza store. Advertising manager Bob Cotman escaped the building just in time, climbing down a fireman's ladder. Although the pizza shop reopened within two days, headquarters was wiped out and Domino's first commissary, with $40,000 of stored goods, was destroyed. The staff pulled together, with each existing store location responsible for producing one pizza item–cheese, dough, chopped toppings–which drivers then ferried from one store to the next to keep operations running.The biggest challenge for Monaghan was not simply covering the total fire losses of $150,000 (only $13,000 paid for by insurance), but also paying the leases on five new franchises and finding store operators as soon as possible. While Tom worked on his task, Margie Monaghan brought in Mike Paul, her contact at the Ypsilanti bank, who soon joined Domino's to run the commissary. Paul fired half of the staff and cleaned up operations; he introduced caps, aprons, and periodic spot checks for employee neatness. Monaghan learned a lot in the early years of Domino's, due in part to road trips he took to research business and learn from competitors.When observing the competition did not result in better methods, Monaghan innovated. Looking for equipment ideas at a Chicago convention, he found a meat-grinder that he used to chop cheese as well as mix consistent pizza dough in less than a minute, in contrast to standard mixers, which took eight to ten minutes to mix dough. Dough, once mixed, was stored on oiled pans; although covered by towels, the outside edges of the dough hardened. Monaghan discovered an airtight fiberglass container that stored dough very well, and his practice later became a standard in the industry.Monaghan also was dissatisfied w ith standard pizza boxes: they were too flimsy to stack, and heat and steam from the pizza weakened them. Monaghan prodded his salesman to work with the supplier and devise a corrugated box with air holes, which also became an industry standard. Franchising in the 1970s Plans began in earnest for Midwest expansion as Domino's jumped on the 1960s franchise bandwagon. Although Monaghan had worked on his plan to expand on college campuses, opening a new store a week in late 1968 proved to be the beginning of a nightmare.Monaghan opened 32 stores in 1969 and was hailed as Ypsilanti's boy wonder. Spurred by McDonald's great success going public in 1965, Monaghan planned to do the same. With the aid of loans, he bought a fleet of 85 new delivery cars, and spruced up his personal image; he also hired an accounting firm to computerize the company's bookkeeping. When moving information from paper to computer, Domino's lost all its records Perhaps as a result, the company underpaid the Intern al Revenue Service by $36,000. Monaghan was forced to sell his stock for the first time to raise the money to pay the IRS.Monaghan tried to do too much, too fast. Ohio stores opened before Domino's reputation had spread that far and sales were poor. This was only the beginning of the downturn: on May 1, 1970, Monaghan lost control of Domino's. Dan Quirk, who had bought Monaghan's stock, recommended that he contact Ken Heavlin, a local man known for turning businesses around. Heavlin, in exchange for Monaghan's remaining stock, would run the company, get loans to cover IRS debts, and after two years keeps a controlling 51 % interest in the company, with Monaghan getting 49 %.In the meantime, Domino's became the target of lawsuits from various franchisees, creditors, and the law firm Cross, Wrack. In March 1971 Heavlin ended his agreement with Monaghan, who shortly went to speak with each franchisee, persuading them that Domino's would survive the crisis and they would all fare better working with him rather than against him. Their lawsuit was dropped. Monaghan pushed on, and Domino's was back in business, however tight its financial strings. One man instrumental in the growth of the early 1970s was Richard Mueller.Originally from Ohio, Mueller bought a franchise in Ann Arbor in 1970, during Domino's lowest period. After Mueller ran this store for a year, Monaghan sent him to Columbus to revive an ailing store; within three months, sales shot up from $600 to $7,000 a week. Mueller soon operated ten Domino's franchises and incorporated as Ohio Pizza Enterprises, Inc. Within six-and-a-half years Mueller opened 50 stores. As Domino's grew, Mueller went on to become vice-president of operations in 1978. Quick to rebuild Domino's, Monaghan encouraged trusted employees and friends to expand.Steve Litwhiler opened five stores in Vermont, while Dave Kilby, who had relocated during the Domino's slump, managed to build a strong base in Florida. A significant hire by Kilby was Dave Black, a top-selling manager who later rose to become president and COO of Domino's Pizza. The year 1973 was a turning point for Domino's. The company introduced its first delivery guarantee, â€Å"a half hour or a half dollar off,† as stated in the company newsletter the Pepperoni Press. The College of Pizzarology was founded to train potential franchisees.The company decentralized as well: accounting was moved from Ypsilanti headquarters to local accountants, while the commissary was reorganized as a separate company. Domino's introduced its corporate logo, a red domino flush against two blue rectangles, in 1975. The company was sued the same year by Amstar Corporation, parent company of Domino Sugar, for the right to use the name. After a five-year battle, Domino's won, but not until after more than 30 new stores were opened under the interim name Pizza Dispatch. Free to expand, Domino's planned to grow by 50 percent each year.By the late 1970s, several acquisiti ons contributed significantly to company growth. Domino's merged with PizzaCo Inc. , in 1978, gaining 23 open stores plus a handful more under lease. The merger with this Boulder-based company allowed Domino's to move into Kansas, Arizona, and Nebraska. The following year, joining with Dick Mueller's Ohio Pizza Enterprises, Inc. , Domino's added 50 stores in Ohio and Texas, for a total of 287 stores. The company ended 1979 by announcing plans to expand internationally. The new non-U. S. store subsequently opened in Winnipeg, Canada, in 1983.Rapid Growth in the 1980s The 1980s was a decade of phenomenal growth for Domino's Pizza, but this time the company was prepared. Although Monaghan had always feared that formal budgeting systems promoted bureaucracy, with the advice of Doug Dawson, Monaghan decided to design companywide budgeting procedures, which Domino's continued to use as training tools for potential franchisees. Dawson implemented the new accounting methods and moved on to become vice-president of marketing and corporate treasurer. Instrumental in Domino's surge was John McDevitt, a financial consultant Monaghan met in 1977.Among other accomplishments, he created and became president of TSM Leasing, Inc. , a financial services company that loaned money to franchisees who could not find other start-up financing. To Monaghan, operations was the backbone of the business. When Dick Mueller left the post of vice-president of operations in 1981 to work as a franchiser once again, Monaghan decided to regionalize Domino's operations. Mueller's previous job entailed far too much travel, and changes were necessary. Monaghan set up six geographic regions, with a director fully responsible for each territory.The regional system, as Monaghan stated in Pizza Tiger, â€Å"gave us the long communication lines with tight controls at the working ends that we needed for rapid but well-orchestrated growth. † At the executive level, Bob Cotman took over as senior v ice-president of operations, including marketing. Dave Black advanced from field consultant and regional director to vice-president of operations. Both men (like Dick Mueller and Monaghan himself) had climbed every step of the Domino's ladder, after beginning as delivery driver and pizza maker.In 1981 Black carried Monaghan's favoured â€Å"defensive management† strategy–whereby each store concentrated on keeping the customers it had–to a new level, by moving the company's focus away from its top-performing stores to its weakest ones. Bringing the lower performers up worked extremely well. As the company added an average of nearly 500 stores each year through the decade, newer, weaker stores were constantly given attention to improve sales. One other element vital to Domino's 1980s growth spurt was choosing Don Vlcek, formerly in the meat business, to head the eight commissary operations.Vlcek focused on uncovering best practices and disseminating them throughou t the organization. When he discovered that one commissary saved on laundry bills by rinsing out the towels used to dry trays, making them last a week before cleaning was necessary, Vlcek made all other commissaries do the same. When he found that another commissary's manager was buying from a local cheese distributor instead of a less expensive national one, the manager reworked his purchasing policies. Fleck moved sauce-mixing from the commissaries to the company's tomato-packing plant, which resulted in highly consistent, quality pizza sauce.Once Vlcek had taken care of the basics, in one eight-month period he opened a new commissary a month, all with state-of-the-art equipment. All the support Monaghan received gave him time to fulfil boyhood dreams on a dramatic scale. In 1983 he bought the Detroit Tigers baseball team, which went on to win the World Series in 1984. He followed with the establishment in 1984 of Domino's Farms in Ann Arbor, a $120 million corporate headquarters modelled after architect Frank Lloyd Wright's Golden Beacon tower. Wright advocated the integration of a high-rise building in a rural setting, rather than an urban one.Monaghan also set up a working farm adjacent to the tower. In 1985, Advertising Age placed Domino's â€Å"among the fastest-growing money makers in the restaurant industry. † The company had to keep pace not only with its own growth but also with that of its competition, including the industry leader, Pizza Hut, which had more than 4,000 units to Domino's 2,300. Domino's stepped up advertising, increasing media spending 249 percent over the previous year. Pizza Hut entered the delivery business in 1986, posing a huge threat to Monaghan's empire. Domino's system wide sales reached $1. 44 billion by 1987.The company had grown to 3,605 units, spreading to Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, West Germany, and Japan. While 33 per cent of U. S. stores were company-run, international units were franchised, usually to one operator who could opt to sub franchise. The international marketing challenge was to convince buyers of the need for delivery. Back in the United States, Domino's imitated McDonald's Corporation by tailoring an ad campaign to attract the Hispanic market. Competition in the late 1980s got so tough that Monaghan was quoted in Advertising Age as saying, â€Å"I want people here in the company to think of it as a war. Unfortunately, with wars come casualties. By 1989 more than 20 deaths had occurred involving Domino's drivers, calling the company's 30-minute delivery guarantee into question. A Pittsburgh-based attorney representing a couple whose car was broadsided by a driver subpoenaed Domino's for its records. Citizen's groups, major news networks, and the National Safe Work Place Institute joined in the heated criticism. Domino's responded with a national ad campaign and with various tactics at the franchise level. One franchisee hired an off-duty police officer to track h is drivers to ensure that they obeyed the law.Domino's opened its 5,000th store by January 1989, moving into Puerto Rico, Mexico, Guam, Honduras, Panama, Colombia, Costa Rica, and Spain. U. S. sales hit $2 billion. Monaghan named Dave Black as president and chief operating officer, announcing his own intentions to spend more time on community work. In May Domino's introduced pan pizza, its first new product in 28 years. This news was hardly as big, however, as Monaghan's October announcement of his intent to sell the company. After a buyout attempt in the form of an employee stock ownership plan failed, Monaghan went shopping for buyers.By April 1990 Domino's cut its public relations and international marketing departments and continued cutting executive and corporate support staff as part of a companywide effort to improve profitability. Payroll that year decreased by $24 million. Kevin Williams, who made his name as a regional director, replaced Mike Orcus as vice-president of ope rations. At the store level, Domino's opened fewer than 300 units in both 1989 and 1990. Another Comeback in the 1990s With Domino's sales slipping, and rivals Pizza Hut and Little Caesar's gaining market share, Monaghan returned to Domino's in March 1991 to pull his company back on track.By December he had fired David Black, along with other top executives. Former franchisee Phil Bressler became vice-president of operations. Domino's closed 155 stores, cut regional offices from 16 to nine, and unloaded extravagances such as corporate planes, a three-misted ship, a travel agency, a lavish Ann Arbour Christmas display, and various sports sponsorships. Monaghan made some personal sacrifices, too, leaving his post on the boards of directors of 16 Catholic colleges and organizations. Domino's 1991 system wide revenues remained flat at $2. billion, and the company posted a loss of $67 million. Adding three new senior executives, the company geared up to battle Pizza Hut, which had aired an ad showing unkempt Domino's drivers buying Pizza Hut products. Domino's moved its advertising accounts to New York's Grey Advertising, Inc. , from the local ad agency Group 243. While Monaghan was away, PepsiCo’s Pizza Hut had converted half of its 7,000 units for home delivery. Under fire, Monaghan insisted on maintaining Domino's original concept of a simple menu that speeds order preparation, allowing the company to uphold its 30-minute guarantee.In an effort to be flexible–and to compete with Pizza Hut's pan pizza–Domino's offered a new pizza with more cheese and an increased number of toppings. Taking another tip from its rival, Domino's worked on developing a single U. S. phone order number for Domino's customers and a new computer system to track sales, costs, and trends. The company closed the Columbus and Minneapolis offices, with corporate headquarters in Ann Arbour assuming their duties. The overall goal was to decrease debt. Monaghan considered ma king a public stock offering again in 1992, but too few buyers were forthcoming.The company also worked to lessen the number of company-owned stores. In November 1992 Monaghan shook up his upper ranks by replacing his long-time adviser and vice-president of finance, John McDevitt, with Tim Carr, another financial executive at Domino's, and hiring Larry Sheehan, a former executive vice-president of Little Caesar's, as vice-president of marketing and product development. Sheehan immediately put his stamp on the turnaround effort, convincing Monaghan to experiment with new strategies and products, including salads, thin-crust pizza, and submarine sandwiches. Tom Monaghan is now very open about the pizza business,† he said. â€Å"He believes we need to take a different approach to this business and be willing to change. † The changes seemed to work. Earnings for 1993 picked up, after dropping significantly the two previous years. In yet another change, Domino's dropped its famous 30-minutes-or-less pledge after a jury awarded a $78 million settlement to a woman who had been hit by a Domino's delivery driver in 1989. Monaghan stated that â€Å"with our success in home delivery has come a negative public perception that we are not committed to safety. The 30-minute guarantee was replaced with a more general customer satisfaction guarantee. In January 1994 Larry Sheehan left Domino's, after a dispute with Monaghan over the size of his year-end bonus. Although his departure was widely considered a loss to the company, his changes had taken hold, and Domino's system wide sales crept upward, to $2. 5 billion in 1995. Shortly thereafter Domino's celebrated the opening of its 1,000th international store, in a suburb of Perth, Australia.With a stated goal of having more international than domestic stores, Domino's opened stores in Ecuador, Peru, and Egypt in 1995, and planned to have 3,000 international stores by the year 2,000. By 1996 foreign sales stood at $503 million, and in 1997 Domino's entered its 50th international market. In the meantime, the menu in the U. S. stores expanded yet again, with the introduction of Buffalo wings in 1994 and through a limited-time-only promotion of flavoured-crust pizzas during 1996.Sheehan was succeeded as vice-president of marketing and product development by Cheryl Bach elder, a seasoned executive with experience at Planters, Gillette, and Procter & Gamble who brought focus to Domino's efforts. â€Å"We're not trying to be fun and wacky and do delivery and carry-out all at the same time,† she said. â€Å"We're trying to excel single-mindedly on the basics of this business. † In March 1997 Domino's announced its previous year results, which dispelled any doubts that the company was back on track. Earnings were a record $50. 6 million on system wide sales of $2. billion. â€Å"We believe the return to focusing on our core business–pizza delivery–coupled with great new products and